Plagiarism Policy

Every submitted manuscript is screened using plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin or equivalent software before entering the peer-review process.

The maximum acceptable similarity index is 20%, excluding references and properly quoted materials.

Manuscripts exceeding the similarity threshold may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected, depending on the severity of the overlap.

The journal strictly prohibits plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, and duplicate publication in accordance with international publication ethics standards.