AI Tool Policy

Muhajirin: Journal of Islamic Studies recognizes the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and their potential to support scholarly research and academic writing. The journal permits the responsible use of AI-assisted technologies, provided that such use complies with the principles of research integrity, transparency, and publication ethics. Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, validity, and integrity of all content submitted to the journal, regardless of whether AI tools have been used during the research or writing process.

Acceptable Use of AI Tools

Authors may use AI-assisted tools to support activities such as:

• improving grammar, spelling, punctuation, and language clarity;
• enhancing readability and writing style;
• organizing or summarizing literature;
• translating text while ensuring the accuracy of the final version;
• assisting with coding, statistical analysis, data visualization, or other technical tasks;
• generating ideas or brainstorming research directions.

The use of AI must not compromise the originality, scientific rigor, or intellectual contribution of the manuscript.

Unacceptable Use of AI Tools

AI tools must not be used to:

• generate research data, findings, or conclusions that are presented as original empirical evidence;
• fabricate, manipulate, or falsify data, images, references, or citations;
• create misleading or inaccurate interpretations of research findings;
• replace critical scholarly analysis or the intellectual contribution of the authors;
• generate peer-review reports or editorial decisions;
• produce content that infringes copyright or violates ethical standards.

Any use of AI that results in academic misconduct, including plagiarism, data fabrication, or falsification, constitutes a serious breach of publication ethics.

Disclosure of AI Use

Authors must disclose the use of AI-assisted technologies if such tools have made a substantial contribution to the preparation of the manuscript. A disclosure statement should be included in the Acknowledgements section or in a separate section entitled Declaration of AI-Assisted Technologies.

An example of an acceptable disclosure statement is:

The authors used an AI-assisted language model to improve the grammar and readability of this manuscript. All scientific interpretations, analyses, conclusions, and final revisions were conducted exclusively by the authors, who take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.

Authors are not required to disclose the routine use of software tools such as grammar checkers, spelling checkers, reference management software, plagiarism detection software, or statistical packages.

AI Tools and Authorship

Artificial Intelligence tools, including but not limited to ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Microsoft Copilot, DeepSeek, or similar technologies, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of a manuscript. AI systems do not meet internationally accepted authorship criteria because they cannot assume responsibility for the integrity, originality, accuracy, or accountability of scholarly work.

Only human authors who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the conception, design, execution, interpretation, and writing of the research may be credited as authors.

Responsibility of Authors

Authors bear full responsibility for all content submitted to Muhajirin: Journal of Islamic Studies, including any portions that have been assisted by AI technologies. Authors must carefully verify:

• the factual accuracy of AI-generated text;
• the validity of references and citations;
• the originality of the manuscript;
• compliance with copyright and ethical standards;
• the absence of fabricated or hallucinated information.

The use of AI does not diminish the accountability of authors for the integrity of their work.

Editorial Use of AI

Editors and reviewers may use AI-assisted tools only for limited administrative purposes, such as improving language, detecting plagiarism, or identifying potential ethical issues, provided that manuscript confidentiality is maintained.

Editors and reviewers must not upload confidential manuscripts or unpublished research to public AI systems that retain or reuse submitted content for model training or other purposes.

Editorial decisions, peer-review evaluations, and publication recommendations shall always be made solely by qualified human editors and reviewers.

Compliance with Publication Ethics

Muhajirin: Journal of Islamic Studies follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence in scholarly publishing. Any misuse of AI that results in plagiarism, fabricated data, falsified images, fake citations, or other forms of research misconduct will be handled in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement, including manuscript rejection, correction, retraction, or notification to the authors' affiliated institutions where appropriate.